Power to Gas (Power to X)
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‘power to gas‘, ‘hydrogen‘ and ‘fuel cells‘
101 – Overview
Power to Gas (PtG; P2G;PtX) is a process of converting excess or low-cost electricity (‘power’) into hydrogen (‘gas’) which can be used as a fuel (gaseous/liquid) or chemical feedstocks. Hydrogen is converted via electrolysis of water where the electricity splits H2O into hydrogen and oxygen.
This hydrogen can then be applied in higher value applications:
- Energy Storage for Renewables
Use hydrogen as stored energy. High volume and duration storage of electrical power as a gas. When you need the energy convert hydrogen in kW or MW scale fuel cells that are connected to the grid. - Natural Gas Pipelines
Co-located PtG close to natural gas infrastructure. Use hydrogen to enrich methane in gas network. - Methanation
Co-located PtG next to industrial sites with CO2 waste streams. You can combine H2 and CO2 to create methane (natural gas); Also Bio-methanation - Hydrogen Fuel for Electric Vehicles
Hydrogen can be used to power fuel cell powered electric vehicles, trucks, trains, marine, planes
Why Power to Gas?
- Creating cheap, clean hydrogen for electric transportation (Fuel Cell EVs)
- Scaling high volume, long duration renewable energy (grid) storage
- Eliminating curtailment of renewable energy
- Decarbonizing natural gas network and chemical sector
- Balancing grid system in future of variable renewables
Latest News
See Garry’s tags: ‘power to gas‘
Terms
- Power-to-Gas (P2G)
- Power to Liquids (DME, MeOH, et)
- PtG-Oxycombustion
- Power to SNG (Synthetic Natural Gas)
- Electrofuels/Synfuels; Renewable methane; Biomethane;
- Hydrogen Production – Electrolysis via:
- Alkaline Electrolysis Cells (AEC)
- Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
- Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOE)
- Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM)
- Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)
- HPEM (High Performance
- Underground Gas Storage (UGS)
- Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES)
- Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR)
- Capacity Factor
- Guarantees of Origin (GoOs)
Companies – Hydrogen Production and Storage
- ITM Power
- Nel Hydrogen
- Hydrogenics
- McPhy
- Areva H2Gen
- Siemens (Silzyer PEM)
- Integrators: Thyssen-Krupp; ABB
- HYON (Nel; PowerCell; Hexagon)
- GinerLabs
- Enapter (AEM – Anion Exchange Membrane technology)
- RGH2
- Trylysis (Aluminum to H2)
- Cella (Polymer Pellet Storage)
- STOR-H b AAQUIS (Hydride Storage)
Organizations
- European Power to Gas Association
- IEA Hydrogen Technology
- Renewable Hydrogen Alliance
- Store & Go
27 partner organizations and companies from all over Europe collaborate in the STORE&GO project to integrate Power-to-Gas technology into the future European energy system. The project is funded by the European Union’s “Horizon 2020 research and Innovation programme”. - Hydrogen Council
Reports & Forward Looking
Power to Gas: Opportunities for Greening the Natural Gas System ( 2018) Flink Consulting/NW Natural
Power to Gas in a Decarbonized World DNV-GL
This case study investigates the market and potential impact that power-to-gas would have if it was used to substitute conventional hydrogen (H2) in energy-intensive industries.
Replacement of all of Europe’s conventionally produced hydrogen (H2) (i.e. from natural gas via steam reforming) through electrolysis in 2030 entails a conversion of 315TWh of (renewable) electricity.
Assuming a conversion efficiency of 75% from natural gas to hydrogen (H2), this would reduce natural gas consumption by the industry by an amount as large as 32 billion m³ (300TWh) per year. This is equivalent to an emission reduction of 55Mton carbon dioxide (CO2) per year. To fully supply the energy-intensive industry with hydrogen (H2) from power-to-gas plants, the corresponding installed capacity of electrolysers depends on the average full load hours per year. As power-to-gas plants are most likely to be operated in demand response regimes to harness excess electricity from renewable energy sources, the capacity factor is assumed to be 30%. This requires three times the installed capacity of electrolysers, amounting to approximately 120GWel. The same capacity of solar and wind power plants would be required to feed these electrolysers. To put these numbers into
perspective, wind and solar power plants are expected grow from 110GW in 2015 to >250GW in 2030.
Renewable Methane Integrated configurations of power-to-gas and carbon capture by means of renewable energy surplus(2016) – Manuel Bailera Martín – UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA
Power-to-gas for grid injection will likely not meet viability without strong financial support, due to its high CAPEX and the low market value of the produced gas. To become competitive with fossil fuels (ex: gasoline) on a fuel cost per kilometer basis, power-to-hydrogen will have to be delivered at a levelized cost of 3 to 4 €/kg. This could be achieved for instance if CAPEX and cost of electricity were more than halved. (Source)